Fig. 2. Overview of seven mutations and structural characterization of mutations to nonpolar amino acids.

(Top) here we show the location of each of the seven mutations with respect to the structure as a whole. The alpha chain is shown in orange and the beta chain is shown in blue, with the constant domains tinted a lighter hue on the left edge of the figure. (Bottom) three of the seven mutations were from polar side chains to hydrophobic side chains. Each column visualizes how the wild-type conformation has changed, showing the wild type in green (pdb: 2F53, energy minimized with Rosetta) and overlaying the Rosetta model (purple) with our crystal structure (blue).