Table 4.

Summary of findings: endoscopy compared to surgery for infected necrotizing pancreatitis

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence: High certainty We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, MD mean difference

^*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)

^aObjective Outcome, not at risk of bias

^bOptimal Information size not reached

^cConfidence intervals include significant benefit and significant harm

^dOutcome well defined and at low risk of bias

^eHigh risk of bias due to possible underestimation of frequency of fistulae due to lower rate of percutaneous drainage and resulting lower measurement of fistulae in endoscopic group

^fNo upgrading due to large effect due to possible confounding due to overdiagnosing in endoscopic group

^gNot ITT analysis. Patient data missing (endoscopy: n = 1; surgery: n = 5)

^hPossibly high risk of bias due to selection of reported results

ⁱHigh Heterogeneity with P < 0.05