Table 2.

List of trans-acting factors functionally identified to regulate gluten gene expression

Factor (module)	Protein	Demonstrated function	References
SPA	bZIP TF	Promoting the transcription of HMW-GS and LMW-GS genes	Albani et al. (1997) and Ravel et al. (2009)
SHP	bZIP TF	Repressing the transcription of HMW-GS and LMW-GS genes	Boudet et al. (2019)
WPBF	DOF TF	Required for efficient expression of LMW-GSs and gliadins	Dong et al. (2007), Moehs et al. (2019) and Ravel et al. (2006)
PBF-D	DOF TF	Enhancing the transcription of HMW-GS genes Glu-1By8 and -1Dx2	Zhu et al. (2018)
TaGAMyb–TaGCN5	MYB TF—Histone acetyl transferase	Promoting the transcription of HMW-GS gene Glu-1Dy	Guo et al. (2015)
TaFUSCA3	B3 domain-containing TF	Activating the transcription of HMW-GS gene Glu-1Bx7	Sun et al. (2017)
DME	5-Methylcytosine DNA glycosylase	Required for efficient accumulation of LMW-GSs and gliadins	Wen et al. (2012)