Table 1.
Characteristics of the patients who succeed the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT)
| Extubation success (n = 147) | Extubation failure (n = 23) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66 ± 14 | 67 ± 12 | ||
| Days on MV (n) | 7 ± 5 | 8 ± 6 | ||
| Pre-existent comorbidities (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 | 35 | ||
| Hypertension | 57 | 48 | ||
| Cardiac disease | 23 | 22 | ||
| COPD | 16 | 30 | ||
| Etiology of acute respiratory failure (%) | ||||
| Septic shock | 29 | 26 | ||
| Heart failure | 17 | 26 | ||
| Respiratory | 20 | 26 | ||
| Trauma | 6 | 0 | ||
| Other | 29 | 22 | ||
| Baseline | Minute 30 | Baseline | Minute 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (beats/min) | 88 ± 16 | 91 ± 16† | 83 ± 17 | 87 ± 18† |
| MAP (mmHg) | 82 ± 13 | 85 ± 15† | 79 ± 14 | 80 ± 12 |
| RR (resp/min) | 19 ± 4 | 23 ± 5† | 18 ± 3 | 23 ± 4† |
| Vt (mL) | 454 ± 96 | 430 ± 123† | 438 ± 115 | 367 ± 132† |
| pH | 7.46 ± 0.05 | 7.44 ± 0.06† | 7.47 ± 0.04 | 7.44 ± 0.04† |
| pCO2 (mmHg) | 37 ± 6 | 38 ± 6† | 41 ± 9 | 42 ± 14 † |
| Hb (g/dL) | 9.9 ± 1.8 | 9.9 ± 1.8 | 10.1 ± 2 | 10.3 ± 2.1 |
| SaO2 (%) | 96 ± 8 | 97 ± 3 | 97 ± 3 | 96 ± 3 |
| ScvO2 (%) | 66 ± 9 | 66 ± 8 | 62 ± 9 | 61 ± 5* |
| StO2 (%) | 80 ± 6 | 80 ± 7 | 76 ± 11 | 77 ± 9 |
| DeO2 (%/min) | − 13.1 ± 8.4 | − 13.6 ± 10.7 | − 12.7 ± 7 | − 17.2 ± 10.3† |
| nirVO2 (U) | 139 ± 80 | 159 ± 135† | 129 ± 75 | 174 ± 97† |
| THI (U) | 10.7 ± 2.9 | 11.3 ± 3.1† | 10.0 ± 3.9 | 10.5 ± 4.0 |
| ReO2 (%/s) | 4.1 ± 1.6 | 4.2 ± 1.8† | 3.3 ± 1.9* | 3.7 ± 2.0 |
| Hyperemia AUC (U) | 12.2 ± 6.5 | 12.9 ± 5.7 | 7.1 ± 4.7** | 8.4 ± 4.1** |
| DeO2 ratio | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.6** | ||
| nirVO2 ratio | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.5* |
MV Mechanical ventilation, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR heart rate, MAP mean arterial pressure, RR respiratory rate, Vt tidal volume, pCO2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, Hb Hemoglobin, SaO2 arterial oxygen saturation, ScvO2 central venous oxygen saturation, StO2 tissue oxygen saturation, DeO2 StO2 deoxygenation rate, nirVO2 NIRS-derived local oxygen consumption, THI tissue hemoglobin index, ReO2 StO2 reoxygenation rate
* p < 0.05; and ** p < 0.01, as compared to success group at the same time point; †p < 0.05, as compared to baseline values within the group