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The mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. CRISPR/Cas9 can introduce DSBs in DNA. The DSBs is repaired by either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR). Insertions, deletions or other alterations of DNA will occur during this process to achieve gene modifications. PAM: protospacer adjacent motif; sgRNA: single-guide RNA
