Table 3.

Overview of the role of the different imaging modalities for preprocedural planning and intraprocedural guiding.

	Preprocedural	Intraprocedural
Echocardiography/ICE	• TR mechanism and severity • Assessment of RV function • Estimation of RA and pulmonary pressures	• Visualization of catheters and leads • Identification of target points • Assessment of immediate result • Fusion imaging
Multislice computed tomography (MSCT)	• Measurement of annulus and RV dimensions • Asssessment of subvalvular apparatus • Localization of surrounding structures (CS, IVC, SVC, RCA) and implantation site • Implant simulation, 3D printing and access reconstruction	Calculation of optimal fluoroscopic viewing angles
Fluoroscopy	Angiography of RCA	• Navigation of access and in right atrium • Wiring and angiographic depiction of RCA • Valve deployment
Cardiac magnetic resonance	• TR severity • Assessment of RV function	–