Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with alcohol dependence (PADs) and healthy controls (HCs) (mean ± SD).
| PAD (n = 33) | HCs (n = 35) | t/χ2-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 44.8 ± 9.8 | 41.6 ± 11.5 | 1.257 | 0.213 |
| Education, years | 11.8 ± 3.3 | 12.3 ± 2.4 | −0.883 | 0.381 |
| Smoker/non-smoker a | 26/7 | 13/22 | 11.87 | 0.001 |
| Action initiation (AI) | −1.21 ± 0.86 | −2.19 ± 0.61 | 5.43 | 0.000 |
| Total score of LARS | −5.85 ± 6.87 | −14.78 ± 5.70 | 5.85 | 0.000 |
| Age at onset of AD, years | 32.5 ± 10.1 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Age at first drink, years | 19.9 ± 5.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| AUDIT total score | 21.7 ± 5.2 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Mean daily drinks b | 19.1 ± 8.7 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
PADs, patients with alcohol dependence; HCs, healthy controls; LARS, Lille Apathy Rating Scale; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; N/A, not applicable.
a
Chi-square (χ2) test: smoker = current or previous smoker; non-smoker: never smoker
b
One drink contains 10 g of pure alcohol.