Table 1.
Demographic and health-related characteristics of adults with probable depression by travel distance to the nearest public health facility offering depression services, Sehore sub-district, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2013–2016
| 0–5 km (n = 59, 8.5%) | 5–10 km (n = 121, 18.7%) | 10–20 km (n = 150, 24.5%) | 20–123 km (n = 238, 48.3%) | Total (n = 568) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, % | ||||||
| Female | 69.6 | 60.5 | 51.0 | 49.9 | 53.8 | 0.08 |
| Age groups (years), % | ||||||
| 18–29 | 22.0 | 20.8 | 17.5 | 15.5 | 17.5 | 0.85 |
| 30–49 | 41.0 | 42.5 | 45.1 | 44.7 | 44.1 | |
| 50–90 | 37.1 | 36.7 | 37.4 | 39.9 | 38.4 | |
| Educational attainment, % | ||||||
| Less than primary | 79.9 | 77.0 | 70.7 | 73.7 | 74.1 | 0.20 |
| Primary | 18.6 | 21.2 | 22.2 | 23.6 | 22.4 | |
| Secondary or more | 1.5 | 1.8 | 7.1 | 2.7 | 3.5 | |
| Employment status, % | ||||||
| Unemployed | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 4.2 | <0.01 |
| Productive non-income | 60.3 | 52.9 | 33.0 | 31.8 | 38.5 | |
| Low income | 30.7 | 39.0 | 54.1 | 59.6 | 51.9 | |
| High income | 9.1 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 3.2 | 5.4 | |
| Religion, % | ||||||
| Hindu | 70.3 | 92.4 | 97.2 | 93.3 | 92.1 | <0.01 |
| Muslim | 29.7 | 7.6 | 2.8 | 6.7 | 7.9 | |
| Caste, % | ||||||
| Scheduled caste | 19.2 | 16.0 | 14.6 | 15.9 | 15.8 | 0.88 |
| Scheduled tribe | 3.3 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 3.0 | 4.2 | |
| Other backwards caste | 64.8 | 69.0 | 68.9 | 73.8 | 71.0 | |
| General | 12.7 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 7.4 | 9.1 | |
| Marital status, % | ||||||
| Single | 10.6 | 8.1 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 0.28 |
| Married | 69.3 | 84.5 | 87.8 | 79.6 | 81.7 | |
| Widow(er) | 18.6 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 12.1 | 10.6 | |
| Separated/divorced | 1.5 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.3 | |
| Housing quality, % | ||||||
| Lowest level (kuccha) | 62.0 | 53.9 | 57.0 | 46.1 | 51.6 | 0.25 |
| Mixed (semi-pucca) | 13.2 | 17.7 | 17.9 | 13.2 | 15.2 | |
| Highest level (pucca) | 24.8 | 28.3 | 25.1 | 40.7 | 33.2 | |
| Owns land, % | ||||||
| Yes | 15.2 | 22.1 | 30.6 | 37.2 | 30.9 | 0.02 |
| Depression symptom severity (total PHQ-9 score), % | ||||||
| Moderate (10–14) | 95.4 | 80.8 | 75.4 | 75.0 | 77.9 | 0.27 |
| Moderately severe (15–19) | 4.6 | 19.2 | 20.3 | 23.1 | 20.1 | |
| Severe (⩾20) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | |
| Survey round | ||||||
| Round 1 (before MHCP implementation) | 17.7 | 34.5 | 58.9 | 87.9 | 64.8 | 0.0001 |
| Round 2 (after MHCP implementation) | 82.3 | 65.5 | 41.1 | 12.1 | 35.2 | |
p-Values are calculated using χ2. Counts are unadjusted for sampling design; percentages are adjusted for sampling design.
The productive non-income group consisted of students and housewives.