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. 2020 Apr 24;29:e118. doi: 10.1017/S2045796020000347

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© The Author(s) 2020

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1. — Study design. (a) Design of the observational study of the association between type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, unspecified dementia and all-cause dementia. (b) Design of the Mendelian randomisation study: association of type-2 diabetes with Alzheimer's disease (1), construction of genetic instruments from diabetes associated genotypes (2), association of genetic instruments with Alzheimer's disease (3) and using instrumental variable analysis (4).