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. 2020 May 5;11:840. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00840

TABLE 1.

Descriptive Statistics (N = 51,059), Clustered by School (N = 1,183).

Variables Description N Mean SD Min. Max.
Dependent Variables
Hacking Behavior 0.092 0.346 0 2
0 = Did not hack 27,325
1 = Hacked/not detected 2,790
2 = Hacked/detected 943
Opportunity Characteristics
Own Computer 0.854 0.351 0 1
0 = No 7,478
1 = Yes 43,581
Own Mobile 0.896 0.303 0 1
0 = No 5,310
1 = Yes 45,749
Own Room 0.754 0.429 0 1
0 = No 12,535
1 = Yes 38,524
Engagement Characteristics
Technology Use 4.184 1.363 1 6
1 = None 1,358
2 = 1/2 h 4,270
3 = 1 h 10,993
4 = 2 h 13,236
5 = 3 h 9,401
6 = 4 h + 11,801
Piracy 0.490 0.499 0 1
0 = No 26,042
1 = Yes 25,017
Contextual Characteristics
Self-Control 12-item additive index, α = 0.83 60.674 20.252 0 100
Family Bond 4-item additive index, α = 0.55 80.636 17.0566 0 100
Time Peers 4.212 1.653 1 6
1 = None 5,011
2 = 1/2 h 3,893
3 = 1 h 7,651
4 = 2 h 9,451
5 = 3 h 8,793
6 = 4 h + 16,260
Parental Supervision 2.556 0.590 1 3
1 = Never 2,622
2 = Sometimes 17,428
3 = Always 31,009
Demographic Characteristics
Age 1.089 0.272 0 3
0 = Less than 12 49
1 = 12 to 15 47,161
2 = 16–17 3,655
3 = 18 and older 102
Gender 0.489 0.499 0 1
0 = Female 26,111
1 = Male 24,948
Car Ownership 0.874 0.330 0 1
0 = No 6,451
1 = Yes 44,608
Small City 0.268 0.443 0 1
0 = Larger than 100,000 37,375
1 = Smaller than 100,000 13,684