TABLE 1.
Statistical analyses of data within age groups.
| Figure | Main Effects, Interactions | Post hoc comparisons |
| 2A | Ftime(1.80,50.3) = 76.3, p < 0.0001 Fdiet(1,28) = 41.4, p < 0.0001 Ftime × diet(4,112) = 41.4, p < 0.0001 Ftime × hormone(4,112) = 8.11, p < 0.0001 Ftime × diet × hormone(4,112) = 9.25, p < 0.0001 | 8 weeks: Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p = 0.08 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p = 0.08 12 weeks: Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.05 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p = 0.23 16 weeks: Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.01 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p = 0.20 |
| 2B | Fdiet(1,28) = 54.5, p < 0.0001 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.0001 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.0001 |
| 2C | Fhormone(1,28) = 24.7, p < 0.0001 Finteraction(1,28) = 25.7, p < 0.0001 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p = 0.001 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.05 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.0001 |
| 2D | Fdiet(1,28) = 61.5, p < 0.0001 Fhormone(1,28) = 20.7, p < 0.0001 Finteraction(1,28) = 10.7, p < 0.01 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.0001 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.05 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.0001 |
| 2E | Fdiet(1,28) = 62.5, p < 0.0001 Fhormone(1,28) = 29.8, p < 0.0001 Finteraction(1,28) = 21.1, p < 0.0001 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.0001 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.0001 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.0001 |
| 2F | Ftime(2.49,57.3) = 6.53, p < 0.01 Fdiet(1,23) = 35.1, p < 0.0001 Fhormone(1,23) = 4.13, p = 0.054 Ftime × diet(4,92) = 23.8, p < 0.0001 Ftime × hormone(4,92) = 9.7, p < 0.0001 Ftime × diet × hormone(4,92) = 10.6, p < 0.0001 | 8 weeks: Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.05 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p = 0.07 12 weeks: Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p = 0.056 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p = 0.22 16 weeks: Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p = 0.06 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p = 0.07 |
| 2G | Fdiet(1,23) = 52.5, p < 0.0001 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.0001 Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.001 |
| 2H | Fdiet(1,23) = 5.5, p < 0.05 Fhormone(1,23) = 5.4, p < 0.05 Finteraction(1,23) = 9.3, p < 0.001 | Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.01 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.01 |
| 2J | Fdiet(1,23) = 13.2, p < 0.01 Fhormone (1,23) = 20.9, p < 0.0001 Finteraction(1,23) = 5.9, p < 0.05 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.01 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.001 |
| 2I | Fdiet(1,23) = 15.1, p < 0.001 Fhormone(1,23) = 18.9, p < 0.001 Finteraction(1,23) = 6.4, p < 0.05 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.001 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.001 |
| 3A | Ftime(1.86,52.1) = 11.6, p < 0.0001 Fdiet(1,28) = 3.74, p = 0.06 Ftime × diet(2,56) = 5.11, p < 0.01 | No significant differences |
| 3B | Ftime(2.73,76.3) = 137, p < 0.0001 Fdiet(1,28) = 6.53, p < 0.05 Ftime × diet(4,112) = 4.13, p < 0.01 | No significant differences |
| 3C | Fdiet(1,28) = 25.3, p < 0.0001 Fhormone(1,28) = 11.0, p < 0.01 Finteraction(1,28) = 8.1, p < 0.01 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.0001 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.001 |
| 3D | Fdiet(1,28) = 8.0, p < 0.01 | No significant differences |
| 3E | Ftime(1.98,45.6) = 8.6, p < 0.001 Fdiet(1,23) = 6.5, p < 0.05 | No significant differences |
| 3F | Ftime(2.85,57.0) = 194, p < 0.0001 Ftime × diet(4,80) = 4.38, p < 0.01 Fdiet × hormone(1,20) = 11.0, p < 0.01 Ftime × diet × hormone(4,80) = 3.15, p < 0.05 | 60 min: Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.001 |
| 3G | Fdiet(1,23) = 9.5, p < 0.01 Fhormone(1,23) = 14.0, p < 0.01 Finteraction(1,23) = 6.8, p < 0.05 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.01 HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.001 |
| 3H | Finteraction(1,20) = 16.1, p < 0.001 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.05 Con + Veh vs. Con + E2, p < 0.05 |
| 4A | Fhormone(1,22) = 12.9, p < 0.01 | HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.05 |
| 4B | No significant main effects | |
| 4C | No significant main effects | |
| 4D | No significant main effects | |
| 5E | Finteraction(1,28) = 9.9, p < 0.01 | HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.05 |
| 5F | Fhormone(1,28) = 3.1, p = 0.09 [without outlier: Fhormone(1,27) = 3.4, p = 0.07] | |
| 5K | No significant main effects | |
| 5L | Fdiet(1,23) = 6.3, p < 0.05 | Con + E2 vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.05 |
| 6A | No significant main effects | |
| 6B | Fhormone(1,28) = 16.6, p < 0.001 Finteraction(1,28) = 4.2, p < 0.05 | HFD + Veh vs. HFD + E2, p < 0.001 |
| 6C | Fdiet(1,22) = 4.8, p < 0.05 | No significant differences |
| 6D | Fdiet(1,22) = 6.0, p < 0.05 | No significant differences |
| 7A | Fdiet(1,28) = 7.1, p < 0.05 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.05 |
| 7B | Fdiet(1,28) = 7.5, p < 0.05 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.05 |
| 7C | Fdiet(1,28) = 4.6, p < 0.05 | No significant differences |
| 7D | Fdiet(1,23) = 9.8, p < 0.01 | Con + Veh vs. HFD + Veh, p < 0.05 |
| 7E | Fdiet(1,23) = 4.4, p < 0.05 | No significant differences |
| 7F | Fhormone(1,23) = 5.2, p < 0.05 | No significant differences |