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Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the (a) ZnO–pSi pristine structure, (b) nitrogen-doped carbon dot (NCD) suspension, and (c) NCD–ZnO–pSi hybrid structures with 1.0 μl of NCD suspension (ZnO–pSi and NCD–ZnO–pSi hybrid structures were measured in solid state, and NCDs were measured in aqueous suspension); (d) optical image of aqueous suspensions of NCDs, ZnO, and NCD–ZnO illuminated under UV light.
