Table 1.

Old and new drugs tested or used in the oncological setting and potentially useful in COVID-19 therapy

Drug	MoA
Rapamycin and derivatives	Immunosuppressant; PI3K/mTOR inhibitor; inhibitor of viral replication
Chloroquine and derivatives	Antimalarial; broad spectrum anti-infective agent; interferent with protein post-translational processes; autophagy inhibitor; MAPK inhibitor; inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokines
SI113	SGK1 inhibitor
Tocilizumab	MoAb targeting IL-6R, thus contrasting cytokine storm and fibrotic degeneration
Sarilumab	MoAb targeting IL-6R, thus contrasting cytokine storm and fibrotic degeneration
Emapalumab plus anakinra	MoAb targeting IFN-γ plus IL-1R antagonist
Monalizumab	MoAb targeting NKG2A
BCG	Tuberculosis prevention; inhibition of a TGF-β1-mediated EMT
Lopinavir plus ritonavir	Viral Protease inhibitors approved for HIV treatment
Ribavirin	Viral RNA synthesis inhibitor; RdRp inhibitor
Remdesivira	Viral RNA polymerase inhibitor

BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; MoA Mechanism of Action; MoAb Mono- clonal antibody; RdRp RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

^aNot used in oncological settings