Table 1.
Association Analysis Between Amino Acids and Fibrosis Stage Using Ordinal Logistic Model, With or Without Controlling for Age, Sex, BMI, Diabetes, Hypertension, Past/Current Alcohol, and Past/Current Smoking
| Outcomes | Amino acid | Covariates | β | SE | P value | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrosis stage, F0, F1, F2, F3, F4 | Glutamate | Univariate | 1.1119 | 0.3531 | .0016 | 0.0043 |
| Glutamine | Univariate | -0.4065 | 0.8139 | .6175 | 0.6175 | |
| α-KG | Univariate | 0.6251 | 0.2528 | .0134 | 0.0214 | |
| Fumarate | Univariate | 1.2280 | 0.3487 | .0004 | 0.0016 | |
| Malate | Univariate | 1.3767 | 0.3640 | .0002 | 0.0016 | |
| Citrate | Univariate | 0.9224 | 0.3934 | .0190 | 0.0253 | |
| Glutamate/glutamine | Univariate | 2.6480 | 0.8876 | .0029 | 0.0058 | |
| Glutamate/(Ser + Gly) | Univariate | 0.0284 | 0.0145 | .0502 | 0.0574 | |
| Glutamate | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 0.9090 | 0.3588 | .0113 | 0.0301 | |
| Glutamine | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 0.1635 | 0.8416 | .8459 | 1.8459 | |
| α-KG | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 0.5783 | 0.2551 | .0234 | 0.0356 | |
| Fumarate | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 1.0235 | 0.3639 | .0049 | 0.0196 | |
| Malate | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 1.1960 | 0.3764 | .0015 | 0.0120 | |
| Citrate | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 0.9729 | 0.4194 | .0202 | 0.0356 | |
| Glutamate/glutamine | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 2.0170 | 0.9102 | .0267 | 0.0356 | |
| Glutamate/(Ser + Gly) | Age + sex + BMI + DM | 0.0165 | 0.0151 | .2733 | 0.3123 | |
| Glutamate | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 0.9639 | 0.3728 | .0097 | 0.0259 | |
| Glutamine | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 0.0620 | 0.8559 | .9423 | 0.9423 | |
| α-KG | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 0.5944 | 0.2607 | .0226 | 0.0382 | |
| Fumarate | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 0.9954 | 0.3700 | .0071 | 0.0259 | |
| Malate | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 1.1914 | 0.3871 | .0021 | 0.0168 | |
| Citrate | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 0.9526 | 0.4376 | .0295 | 0.0393 | |
| Glutamate/glutamine | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 2.1033 | 0.9312 | .0239 | 0.0382 | |
| Glutamate/(Ser + Gly) | Age + sex + BMI + DM + HPT + smoking + alcohol | 0.0163 | 0.0156 | .2966 | 0.3390 |
DM, diabetes mellitus; Gly, glycine; HPT, hypertension; Ser, serine.