Table 10.
Upper airway measurements with evidence for racial differences modified by gender
| Variable* | Inter-action P-value | Male | P | Female | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icelandic N = 84 | Chinese N = 44 | Icelandic N = 24 | Chinese N = 13 | ||||
| Model 1: age, ODI, height adjusted mean (95% CI) | |||||||
| RP min. AP distance (mm) | 0.0204 | 7.18 (6.72, 7.65) | 5.36 (4.70, 6.01) | <0.0001 | 5.69 (4.87, 6.51) | 5.60 (4.53, 6.66) | 0.8830 |
| Soft palate volume (mm3) | 0.0058 | 10709 (10146, 11271) | 12272 (11438, 13106) | 0.0051 | 7870 (7340, 8400) | 7174 (6430, 7918) | 0.1305 |
| Mandibular length corpus (mm) | 0.0460 | 95.99 (94.79, 97.19) | 80.83 (79.03, 82.63) | <0.0001 | 87.70 (85.73, 89.68) | 77.23 (74.41, 80.04) | <0.0001 |
| Mandibular length ramus (mm) | 0.0142 | 45.50 (43.91, 47.10) | 68.54 (66.30, 70.78) | <0.0001 | 45.26 (42.23, 48.28) | 62.51 (58.20, 66.82) | <0.0001 |
| Mandibular width first molar (mm) | 0.0709 | 45.46 (44.70, 46.23) | 48.66 (47.57, 49.75) | <0.0001 | 43.08 (41.08, 45.07) | 46.65 (44.43, 48.86) | 0.0060 |
| Mandibular divergence (°) | 0.0977 | 72.01 (70.77, 73.24) | 68.59 (66.82, 70.35) | 0.0025 | 72.37 (69.88, 74.85) | 73.46 (70.43, 76.48) | 0.4993 |
| Maxillary depth (mm) | 0.1343 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hyoid to sella (mm) | 0.0192 | 123.5 (121.6, 125.3) | 131.8 (129.0, 134.6) | <0.0001 | 107.7 (104.6, 110.7) | 116.1 (111.8, 120.5) | 0.0035 |
| Model 2: age, ODI, BMI adjusted mean (95% CI) | |||||||
| RP min. AP distance (mm) | 0.0252 | 6.96 (6.51, 7.42) | 5.76 (5.14, 6.38) | 0.0024 | 5.73 (4.92, 6.53) | 5.53 (4.50, 6.56) | 0.7446 |
| Soft palate volume (mm3) | 0.0069 | 10799 (10244, 11354) | 12099 (11285, 12913) | 0.0159 | 7910 (7354, 8467) | 7108 (6360, 7855) | 0.0682 |
| Mandibular length corpus (mm) | 0.0414 | 95.73 (94.60, 96.87) | 81.33 (79.66, 83.00) | <0.0001 | 87.97 (85.99, 89.96) | 76.73 (73.93, 79.52) | <0.0001 |
| Mandibular length ramus (mm) | 0.0194 | 46.10 (44.56, 47.64) | 67.37 (65.24, 69.51) | <0.0001 | 45.98 (43.07, 48.88) | 61.19 (57.10, 65.27) | <0.0001 |
| Mandibular width first molar (mm) | 0.0872 | 45.26 (44.55, 45.97) | 49.02 (48.04, 50.00) | <0.0001 | 42.33 (40.43, 44.24) | 47.78 (45.60, 49.95) | <0.0001 |
| Mandibular divergence (°) | 0.0999 | 71.77 (70.55, 72.98) | 69.05 (67.35, 70.76) | 0.0118 | 72.88 (70.41, 75.34) | 72.53 (69.59, 75.48) | 0.8206 |
| Maxillary depth (mm) | 0.0992 | 48.03 (47.24, 48.83) | 46.45 (45.30, 47.61) | 0.0391 | 45.76 (44.53, 46.99) | 40.41 (38.76, 42.06) | <0.0001 |
| Hyoid to sella (mm) | 0.1061 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Significant p-values are given in bold.
AP, anteroposterior, BMI, body mass index, CI, confidence interval, ODI, oxygen desaturation index, RP, retropalatal.
*Upper airway measurements with suggestive evidence of a gender-by-race interaction in either Model 1 or Model 2. .