Table 3.
Comparison of those without any health insurance (HI) to those with different types of HI among the 50–64 age group.
| No HI | Private HI | VA/Military HI | Medicare | Medicare + Medicaid | Medicaid | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (% of all 50–64 years old) | 5373 (9.93) |
31,392 (69.19) |
2209 (4.17) |
3567 (6.61) |
1506 (2.18) |
3563 (6.21) |
| Age, M (SE) | 56.22 (0.08) |
56.75 (0.03) |
57.62 (0.12) |
58.59 (0.10) |
57.19 (0.14) |
56.61 (0.10) |
| % Female | 48.56 | 52.32 | 36.31 | 48.61ǂ | 56.45 | 57.35 |
| Race (%) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 53.87 | 75.74 | 68.60 | 68.85 | 54.47 | 46.44 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13.85 | 9.39 | 16.72 | 15.67 | 23.15 | 21.78 |
| Hispanic | 24.61 | 8.66 | 7.54 | 10.16 | 14.44 | 20.60 |
| Asian | 4.27 | 4.92 | 3.98 | 2.69 | 2.04 | 7.5 |
| All other | 3.41 | 1.28 | 3.17 | 2.63 | 5.91 | 3.69 |
| % Not married | 45.65 | 23.94 | 30.39 | 45.94 | 72.55 | 56.55 |
| % Without college degree | 84.78 | 60.08 | 33.37 | 86.19ǂ | 94.35 | 90.40 |
| Income (%) | ||||||
| <200% of poverty | 43.29 | 17.11 | 25.11 | 47.19 | 66.42 | 63.16 |
| 200–399% of poverty | 25.62 | 23.28 | 26.31 | 25.44 | 15.83 | 18.13 |
| 400+% of poverty | 21.21 | 51.04 | 40.23 | 19.85 | 9.84 | 11.06 |
| Missing | 9.88 | 8.57 | 8.36 | 7.52 | 7.91 | 7.65 |
| % Worked in the past year | 68.28 | 82.91 | 56.03 | 10.27 | 7.83 | 35.50 |
| No. of chronic medical conditions, M (SE) | 1.12 (0.02) |
1.22 (0.01) |
1.85 (0.04) |
2.63 (0.04) |
3.07 (0.06) |
2.16 (0.04) |
| % With any functional limitation | 45.55 | 37.71 | 56.32 | 88.32 | 92.26 | 69.74 |
| Healthcare access in past 12 months (%) | ||||||
| Had no usual place for sickness/injury care | 37.47 | 5.11 | 3.75 | 3.84 | 2.92 | 6.43 |
| Worried about paying for healthcare | 78.96 | 42.50 | 27.06 | 57.98 | 40.19 | 48.29 |
| Healthcare delayed or not received due to cost in past 12 months | 40.18 | 7.47 | 5.56 | 22.08 | 11.17 | 14.0 |
| Saw/talked with | ||||||
| Any healthcare professional | 59.67 | 88.84 | 91.92 | 94.89 | 95.22 | 89.80 |
| General practitioner | 45.54 | 77.54 | 83.22 | 86.20 | 85.94 | 80.02 |
| Medical specialist | 12.70 | 33.19 | 40.73 | 54.54 | 53.80 | 37.15 |
| Dentist | 33.15 | 75.18 | 65.17 | 46.98 | 39.19 | 42.96 |
| Eye doctor | 20.44 | 49.42 | 50.69 | 44.41 | 46.56 | 37.89 |
| Used cost-saving strategy for prescription drugs | 34.07 | 18.92 | 11.61 | 39.09 | 25.87 | 22.92 |
| No. of emergency department visits | ||||||
| 0 | 82.0 | 84.96 | 73.31 | 61.84 | 50.66 | 62.89 |
| 1 | 10.62 | 9.97 | 14.60 | 18.35 | 19.23 | 16.95 |
| 2–3 | 4.33 | 2.89 | 8.01 | 12.34 | 17.15 | 11.98 |
| 4+ | 1.64 | 0.92 | 3.01 | 6.37 | 11.69 | 6.20 |
| Missing | 1.41 | 1.26 | 1.06 | 1.10 | 1.27 | 1.98 |
| Overnight hospital stay | 6.05 | 7.03ǂ | 11.05 | 21.78 | 28.34 | 17.97 |
Note: All probability values from Pearson χ2 tests for paired comparisons (i.e., no HI vs. private HI; no HI vs. VA/military HI; no HI. vs. Medicare; no HI vs. Medicare+Medicaid; no HI vs. Medicaid) were significant at p < 0.05 except those marked with ǂ.