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Functional Validation of genes associated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Human retinal endothelial cells treated with advanced glycation end product-BSA (AGE, 500 μg, 3 days; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), macrophage conditioned medium (MCM, 1:1 ratio, 24 h), or high glucose medium (HG, 30 mM, 7 days) revealed increased mRNA expression of COL18A1, ZNF395, and PLEKHG5 in AGE and HG-treated cells. * p < 0.05. Bars indicate average ± standard deviation.
