| AA | Adjuvant-induced arthritis |
| ACPA | Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies |
| BCG | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin |
| Ca2+ | Calcium |
| cAMP | Cyclic 3′,5′-AMP |
| CIA | Collagen-induced arthritis |
| DMARD | Disease-modifying antirheumaticdrug |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| ESR | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| FLS | Fibroblast-like synoviocytes |
| GM-CSF | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| IFN | Interferon |
| IL | Interleukin |
| Met-Enk | Met-enkephalin |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| MT1/2 | High-affinity G protein-coupled melatonin receptors |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TGF | Transforming growth factor |
| Th1 | Human T helper type 1 |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
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