Table 1.
Effects of the liposomal therapies on the intratumor production of angiogenic and inflammatory proteins.
| Angiogenic/Inflammatory Proteins | Percentage of Reduction (−)/Increase (+) in Intratumor Production of Proteins Involved in Tumor Angiogenesis/Inflammation Following Different Treatments Compared Their Levels in Control Tumors | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| LCL−PLP | LCL−DOX | LCL−PLP + LCL−DOX | |
| Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) | −5.96 ± 4.03(ns) | −27.52 ± 3.93(**) | −49.73 ± 2.68(****) |
| Granulocyte−macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) | −16.80 ± 12.03 (ns) | −42.57 ± 4.35 (****) | −73.93 ± 0.94(****) |
| Monocyte−colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) | −30.00 ± 23.88(**) | −42.54 ± 2.81 (****) | −65.54 ± 4.04(****) |
| Insulin growth factor II (IGF-II) | −8.15 ± 24.81(ns) | −15.67 ± 2.14 (ns) | −70.12 ± 1.96 (***) |
| Interleukin 1α (IL-1α) | −15.52 ± 14.06(ns) | −36.20 ± 0.74(****) | −55.02 ± 1.93(****) |
| Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) | −48.17 ± 14.25(****) | −35.07 ± 3.80(***) | −53.58 ± 1.16(****) |
| Interleukin 6 (IL-6) | −26.49 ± 4.67(**) | −39.77 ± 7.08(****) | −52.05 ± 6.81(****) |
| Interleukin 9 (IL-9) | −42.70 ± 3.83(****) | −10.81 ± 1.53(ns) | −48.24 ± 5.69(****) |
| Interleukin 12 p40 (IL 12-p40) | −31.33 ± 0.35(***) | −63.90 ± 2.76(****) | −80.16 ± 0.07(****) |
| Interleukin 13 (IL-13) | +9.84 ± 5.91(ns) | −28.10 ± 1.29(***) | −51.88 ± 4.43(****) |
| Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) | −12.42 ± 33.15(ns) | −64.83 ± 6.68(****) | −65.47 ± 0.00(****) |
| Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) | −32.62 ± 4.46(***) | −25.40 ± 5.37(*) | −69.89 ± 1.95(****) |
| Eotaxin | −64.09 ± 48.39(****) | −67.59 ± 1.33(****) | −58.79 ± 1.17(****) |
| Fas ligand (FasL) | −76.62 ± 17.48(****) | −57.25 ± 0.00(****) | −57.98 ± 5.15(****) |
| Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) | −87.15 ± 4.06(****) | −25.44 ± 9.35(*) | −64.86 ± 0.60(****) |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | +5.32 ± 63.80(ns) | −64.91 ± 19.15(****) | −89.14 ± 12.10(****) |
| Leptin | −4.78 ± 6.36(ns) | −40.51 ± 4.45(****) | −60.75 ± 15.09(****) |
| Thrombopoietin (TPO) | +19.46 ± 3.42(ns) | −20.31 ± 13.03(ns) | −78.09 ± 2.80(****) |
| Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) | −2.52 ± 10.78(ns) | −52.59 ± 0.87(****) | +3.76 ± (ns) |
| Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) | −10.02 ± 10.57(ns) | −42.47 ± 19.90(****) | −24.96 ± 21.18(*) |
| Platelet factor 4 (PF4) | −15.18 ± 2.11(ns) | −57.68 ± 3.72(****) | −58.17 ± 8.63(****) |
| Interleukin 12 p70 (IL-12p70) | −10.02 ± 10.57(ns) | −46.74 ± 1.08(****) | −63.45 ± 2.07(****) |
| Interferon γ (IFN-γ) | −4.69 ± 0.42(ns) | −45.92 ± 4.58(****) | −57.69 ± 7.82(****) |
| Monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) | −15.82 ± 1.25(ns) | −42.85 ± 33.18(****) | −26.30 ± 37.68(**) |
The results represent the mean ± SD of two independent measurements. LCL-PLP, percentages of reduction or increase in different protein production in tumors treated with 10 mg/kg LCL-PLP compared with their production in untreated tumors; LCL-DOX, percentages of reduction or increase in different protein production in tumors treated with 5 mg/kg LCL-DOX compared with their production in untreated tumors; LCL-PLP + LCL-DOX, percentages of reduction or increase in different protein production in tumors treated with 10 mg/kg LCL-PLP and 5 mg/kg LCL-DOX compared with their production in untreated tumors. p value was determined to evaluate statistical significance of the data and was calculated by Two-way ANOVA analysis with Bonferroni posttest (ns, not significant, p >0.05; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01*** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).