Table 4.
Estimates of indirect effects of parenting knowledge on cognitive development through different parental investments.
| Indirect Effect | Point Estimate | Bootstrap S. E. | 95% CI (Percentile) | 95% CI (BC) | 95% CI (BCa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Knowledge on cognition through source | 0.003 | 0.003 | (−0.001, 0.009) | (−0.001, 0.01) | (−0.001, 0.01) |
| Knowledge on cognition through variety | 0.02 *** | 0.007 | (0.01, 0.04) | (0.01, 0.04) | (0.01, 0.04) |
| Knowledge on cognition through activity | 0.005 | 0.004 | (−0.001, 0.13) | (−0.001, 0.15) | (−0.001, 0.15) |
| Knowledge on cognition through book | 0.006 * | 0.003 | (−0.0002, 0.14) | (0.001, 0.15) | (0.001, 0.15) |
| Knowledge on cognition through pbook | 0.003 | 0.003 | (−0.001, 0.009) | (−0.002, 0.008) | (−0.002, 0.008) |
| Knowledge on cognition through toy | 0.02 *** | 0.008 | (0.009, 0.04) | (0.009, 0.04) | (0.009, 0.04) |
| Knowledge on cognition through magz | 0.004 | 0.003 | (−0.001, 0.009) | (0.0004, 0.01) | (0.0004, 0.01) |
Notes: (i) The mediators are the Family Care Indicators (FCI) seven subscales: sources of play materials (source), varieties of play materials (variety), play activities (activity), household books (book), picture books (pbook), play materials (toy), and magazines and newspapers (magz). (ii) Bootstrap standard errors reported in column (2) are based on resampling with 1000 replications. (iii) The percentile 95% CI in column (3) uses usual sampling distribution cutoffs without bias correction; the BC 95% CI in column (4) corrects for a bias in the distribution of bootstrap estimates of standard errors; and the BCa 95% CI in column (5) corrects for bias and skewness in the distribution of bootstrap estimates of standard errors. (iv) *** p < 0.01, * p < 0.1.