Table 5.
Estimates of indirect effects of parenting knowledge on language development through different parental investments.
| Indirect Effect | Point Estimate | Bootstrap S. E. | 95% CI (Percentile) | 95% CI (BC) | 95% CI (BCa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Knowledge on language through source | 0.007 * | 0.003 | (0.001, 0.01) | (0.001, 0.02) | (0.001, 0.02) |
| Knowledge on language through variety | 0.04 *** | 0.01 | (0.03, 0.06) | (0.03, 0.06) | (0.03, 0.06) |
| Knowledge on language through activity | 0.03 *** | 0.007 | (0.01, 0.04) | (0.02, 0.05) | (0.02, 0.05) |
| Knowledge on language through book | 0.01 ** | 0.004 | (0.003, 0.02) | (0.002, 0.02) | (0.002, 0.02) |
| Knowledge on language through pbook | 0.007 * | 0.004 | (0.001, 0.02) | (0.002, 0.02) | (0.002, 0.02) |
| Knowledge on language through toy | 0.03 *** | 0.01 | (0.02, 0.05) | (0.02, 0.05) | (0.02, 0.05) |
| Knowledge on language through magz | 0.004 | 0.004 | (−0.002, 0.01) | (−0.002, 0.01) | (−0.002, 0.01) |
Notes: (i) The mediators are the FCI seven subscales: sources of play materials (source), varieties of play materials (variety), play activities (activity), household books (book), picture books (pbook), play materials (toy), and magazines and newspapers (magz). (ii) Bootstrap standard errors reported in column (2) are based on resampling with 1000 replications. (iii) The percentile 95% CI in column (3) uses usual sampling distribution cutoffs without bias correction; the BC 95% CI in column (4) corrects for a bias in the distribution of bootstrap estimates of standard errors; and the BCa 95% CI in column (5) corrects for bias and skewness in the distribution of bootstrap estimates of standard errors. (iv) *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1.