. 2020 Apr 20;21(8):2884. doi: 10.3390/ijms21082884

Table 1.

Genetic variants affecting genes involved in mechanisms of liver drug handling.

Phase	Gene	Variant	Drugs Affected	Consequences	References
0	SLCO1B1	rs4149056	Statins, Atazanavir	Lower liver uptake.	[13,16]
			Statins, Atazanavir	Enhanced toxicity	[13,16]
			Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin	Lower liver uptake.	[14,15]
			Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin	Reduced efficacy	[14,15]
1	CYP2B6	rs3745274	Efavirenz	Decreased plasma concentrations	[21,22]
		rs8192719
		rs28399499
1	CYP2C19	rs4986893	Clopidogrel	Lower activity	[23]
1	CYP2C19	rs4244285	Omeprazole, Lansoprazole	Higher plasma concentrations	[24,25]
1	CYP2C8	rs1050968	Paclitaxel, Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone	Lower response	[26,27,28,29,30]
1	CYP2C9	rs1799853	Warfarin, Phenytoin, Glipizide, Tolbutamide	Higher response. Enhanced toxicity	[31,32,33,34]
		rs1057910
		rs7089580
		rs28371686
		rs56165452
		rs4917639
		rs7900194
1	CYP2D6	rs3892097	Tamoxifen, Codeine	Lower response.	[35,36,37]
1	CYP2D6	rs28371706	Tamoxifen, Codeine	Enhanced toxicity	[35,36,37]
1	CYP3A5	rs776746	Tacrolimus	Lower response	[38,39]
1	CYP4F2	rs2108622	Warfarin, Acenocoumarol	Lower response	[40]
2	COMT	rs4680	Catechol-related drugs	Enhanced toxicity	[41]
2	GSTP1	rs1695	Oxaliplatin	Enhanced toxicity	[42]
2	NAT1	rs13253389	Cotinine	Lower response.	[43]
2	NAT1	rs13253389	Cotinine	Enhanced toxicity	[43]
2	NAT2	Several *	Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin	Lower response.	[44]
2	NAT2	Several *	Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin	Enhanced toxicity	[44]
2	SULT1A1	rs9282861	SN-38, Flavopiridol, Raloxifene, Ezetimibe	Lower response	[45]
2	SULT1A1	rs1801030	SN-38, Flavopiridol, Raloxifene, Ezetimibe	Lower response	[45]
2	TPMT	rs1800462	Thiopurine drugs (6-Mercaptopurine, 6 Thioguanine, Azathioprine)	Enhanced toxicity	[46]
		rs1142345
		rs1800584
2	UGT1A1	rs4148323	Indinavir, Irinotecan	Enhanced toxicity	[47]
2	UGT1A1	rs8175347	Indinavir, Irinotecan	Enhanced toxicity	[47]
3	ABCB1	rs2032582	Simvastatin, Ondansetron	Higher hepatic clearance.	[48,49]
		rs2032582	Simvastatin, Ondansetron	Reduced efficacy	[48,49]
		rs1045642	Ondansetron, Fentanyl	Higher hepatic clearance.	[49,50]
			Ondansetron, Fentanyl	Reduced efficacy	[49,50]
			Methotrexate, Digoxin	Higher hepatic clearance.	[51,52]
			Methotrexate, Digoxin	Lower toxicity	[51,52]
3	ABCG2	rs2231142	Allopurinol	Increased plasma urate.	[53]
			Allopurinol	Higher dose recommended	[53]
			Rosuvastatin	Lower hepatic clearance.	[54]
			Rosuvastatin	Higher efficacy and toxicity	[54]
3	ABCC4	rs1751034	Tenofovir	Lower plasma levels.	[55]
3	ABCC4	rs1751034	Tenofovir	Reduced efficacy	[55]

Only variants for which there is evidence of high or moderate clinical relevance (levels 1 to 2 in the PharmGKB database classification) have been included. *, See https://www.pharmgkb.org/gene/PA18/clinicalAnnotation.