Table 3.

Tools (n=69).

Phase and tools		Studies
Predesign
	2D mapping, brainstorm, post-it, mind map, Chinese portrait [26]	[30,34,37,41,44-46,49,61,66,77,80,83-85,88,91,92,97-100]
	Prototyping, 2D mockup, 2D design, sketch	[30,31,34,37,40,42-44,46,49,61,67,77,78,89-92,98,100,101]
	Personas	[37,49,71,88]
	Cards	[31,37,39,47,49,67,84,100]
	Artifact for discussion	[85]
	Storyboarding	[31,37,39,46]
	Scenarios, customer journey	[44,66,89,90]
	Service blueprint	[66]
	Role-play	[46,49,82,89,97]
	Design journal notebook	[91]
Early design
	2D mapping	[63,69]
	2D mockups, sketch	[25,32,65,68-70,72-74]
	Cards	[32,63]
	Storyboarding	[26]
	Scenarios	[56]
Post first prototype
	2D mapping, brainstorm, post-its	[36,52,59,76,79,81,93,96,102]
	Prototyping, 2D or 3D mockup, sketch	[27,33,35,36,38,48,52-54,59,71,75,76,81,86,96]
	Persona	[35,79,93]
	Cards	[79,86]
	Storyboarding	[53,76]
	Scenarios, user journey	[35,54,81,93,102]
	Role-play	[79]