Table 6.
Health and behavioral risk factors among participants who presented for clinic screening.
| Risks Factors (N = 316) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Population | Black | Mixed-Ancestry | ||
| Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2), mean (SD) | 36 (7.7) | 36.9 (8.3) | 35.1 (6.9) | |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 104 (13.2) | 103.9 (13.9) | 104.4 (12.5) | |
| BMI | N | % | N (%) | N (%) |
| Underweight (<18.5) | X0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 12 | 3.8 | (4.1) | (3.6) |
| Overweight (25.0 to 29.9) | 67 | 21.2 | (21.6) | (20.1) |
| Obese | 233 | 73.7 | (74.3) | (76.3) |
| Not documented | 4 | 1.3 | ||
| Family medical history | ||||
| Having at least one known diabetic close relative | 141 | 44.6 | 70 (40.9) | 71 (49.7) |
| Don’t have one known diabetic close relative | 57 | 18.0 | 99 (57.9) | 68 (47.6) |
| Don’t know | 114 | 36.1 | 2 (1.2) | 4 (2.8) |
| Not documented | 4 | 1.3 | ||
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Optimal/normal (<120/120–129 mmHg/<80/80–84 mmHg) | 129 | 40.8 | (35.7) | (47.5) * |
| High normal (130–139 mmHg/85–89 mmHg) | 71 | 22.5 | (25.7) | (19.4) * |
| Hypertension (≥140 mmHg/90 mmHg) | 93 | 29.4 | (33.3) | (25.9) * |
| Isolated systolic hypertension (≥140 mmHg/<90 mmHg) | 19 | 6.0 | (5.3) | (7.2) * |
| Not documented | 4 | 1.3 | ||
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) | ||||
| ≥5.7 mmol/L | 208 | 67.9 | 104 (62.3) | 104 (74.3) * |
| Not documented | 11 | 3.5 | ||
| Glycemia | ||||
| Impaired fasting glucose (>6.1–7 mmol/L) | 18 | 5.8 | 10 (5.9) | 8 (5.8) |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (≥7.8–11.1 mmol/L) | 41 | 13.2 | 22 (12.9) | 19 (13.7) |
| Diabetic (IFG >7 mmol/L and IGT >11.1 mmol/L) | 31 | 10 | 15 (8.8) | 16 (11.3) |
| Cholesterol | ||||
| Total cholesterol (>5 mmol/L) | 150 | 48.2 | 68 (40) | 82 (58.2) ** |
| HDL cholesterol (<1.2 mmol/L) | 166 | 52.9 | 79 (47) | 85 (60.3) * |
| LDL cholesterol (>3 mmol/L) | 179 | 57.7 | 78 (47.6) | 99 (70.2) ** |
| Triglycerides (>1.5 mmol/L) | 113 | 35.8 | 47 (27.6) | 63 (44.7) ** |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Abstainer | 174 | 54.8 | 78 (45.3) | 98 (65.8) ** |
| Less than once a month | 51 | 15.9 | 32 (18.6) | 19 (12.8) ** |
| 1–3 days per month | 45 | 14 | 30 (17.4) | 15 (10.1) ** |
| Several times per week | 42 | 13.1 | 31 (18.0) | 11 (7.4) ** |
| Not documented | 7 | 2.2 | ||
| Tobacco status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 191 | 59.95 | 125 (72.7) | 66 (44.3) ** |
| Current smoker (daily or occasionally) | 109 | 34 | 36 (20.9) | 73 (49) ** |
| Ex-smoker | 14 | 4.4 | 10 (5.8) | 4 (2.7) ** |
| Not documented | 7 | 2.2 | ||
* p-value < 0.5; ** p-value ≤ 0.001; cm—centimeter; IFG—impaired fasting glucose; IGT—impaired glucose tolerance; HDL—high-density lipoprotein; LDL—low-density lipoprotein.