Table 1.
Comparison of extracellular vesicle isolation methods by time, price, and nanoparticle analysis.
| Isolation Technique | DU | ODG | SEC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Working Principle | EV isolation is based on sequential centrifugation steps to exclude large vesicles and cells debris and precipitate EVs | Combination of ultracentrifugation with sucrose gradient | EV isolation is based on the size difference between EVs and other particulate constituents | ||
| Total time (h) | 5 | 22 | 2 | ||
| Approximate price/sample (€) | 5 | 15 | 5 | ||
| Nanoparticle Data | DU EVs | OGD EVs (8–9 Fraction) | SEC EVs Fractions | ||
| SEC 9 | SEC 10 | SEC 11 | |||
| Mean | 266.8 ± 2.1 nm | 151.3 ± 8.8 nm | 108.3 ± 6.8 nm | 119.2 ± 3.5 nm | 97.9 ± 2.2 nm |
| Mode | 186.1 ± 21.9 nm | 100.1 ± 20.4 nm | 102.3 ± 7.0 nm | 99.7 ± 6.0 nm | 68.4 ± 4.0 nm |
| SD | 91.2 ± 2.8 nm | 53.9 ± 26.3 nm | 34.9 ± 4.3 nm | 52.4 ± 6.9 nm | 39.4 ± 3.3 nm |
| D10 | 149.8 ± 2.3 nm | 86.7 ± 18.9 nm | 75.1 ± 7.0 nm | 74.8 ± 3.6 nm | 62.7 ± 4.1 nm |
| D50 | 264.5 ± 5.3 nm | 127.9 ± 6.5 nm | 101.1 ± 7.7 nm | 104.3 ± 3.8 nm | 86.4 ± 4.4 nm |
| D90 | 397.3 ± 9.1 nm | 211.8 ± 39.8 nm | 150.6 ± 6.9 nm | 173.8 ± 8.5 nm | 145.4 ± 5.8 nm |
| Nanoparticles/mL | 3.02 ± 0.36 × 1010 | 5.50 ± 2.70 × 109 | 2.09 ± 0.46 × 1010 | 1.50 ± 0.43 × 1011 | 1.13 ± 0.11 × 1010 |
Total time required (i.e., based on ease-of-use, turn-around time, hands-on time) and approximate cost per sample (i.e., based on the cost of centrifuge tubes and required solutions). The mode, mean value, standard deviation of size, and concentration for each EV isolation from 500 embryo culture medium method are provided. The value D50 represents the median size. Similarly, 90 percent of the distribution lies below the D90 value, and 10 percent of the population lies below the D10 value.