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An endogenous tumor-promoting ligand of AhR in brain tumor cells. AHR in tumor cells is chronically activated by kynurenine pathway metabolites, including kinurenine and xanthurenic acid. AHR activation leads to increased regulation of genes associated with tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. AHR also enhances the expression of IDO and/or TDO in malignant cells, resulting in continuous production of endogenous AHR ligands.
