|
pool boiling heat transfer coefficient, kW/m2.K |
|
ethylene glycol |
CNTs
|
carbon nanotubes |
|
volume concentration, % |
|
mass concentration, % |
|
the density of nanopowder, kg/m3
|
|
the density of water, kg/m3
|
|
the density of vapor, kg/m3
|
|
length of the boiling chamber, m |
|
width of the boiling chamber, m |
|
the height of the boiling chamber, m |
|
arithmetical mean roughness value, μm |
|
applied heat flux, kW/m2
|
|
electrical power, W |
|
the outer diameter of the copper tube, m |
|
length of copper tube, m |
|
the temperature at the top surface, °C |
|
the temperature at the side surface, °C |
|
the temperature at the bottom surface, °C |
|
average surface temperature, °C |
|
superheat temperature, K |
|
saturation temperature, °C |
|
the viscosity of the liquid, Pa.s |
|
latent heat of vaporization, kJ/kg |
|
surface tension, N/m |
|
specific heat of the liquid, kJ/kg. K |
|
liquid–surface interaction coefficient |
|
liquid Prandtl number |
|
reduced pressure ratio |
, ,
|
constants in Gorenflo correlation. |
Subscripts
|
V
|
volume |
m
|
mass |
p
|
powder |
w
|
water |
v
|
vapor |
l
|
liquid |
out
|
outer |
s
|
surface |
sup
|
superheat |
sat
|
saturation |
nf
|
nanofluid |
0
|
reference condition |