Table 1.
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and how they regulate known cancer-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Ago2: argonaute-2; CCR4-NOT: carbon catabolite repressor 4–negative on TATA; CNOT1: CCR4–NOT transcription complex subunit 1; CRM1: chromosomal maintenance 1; HOTAIR: HOX antisense intergenic RNA; HULC: highly up-regulated in liver cancer; lncRNA-HGBC: lncRNA highly expressed in gallbladder carcinoma; MALAT1: metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; NEAT1: nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1; NEXT: nuclear exosome targeting; RMRP: RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease; TUG1: taurine upregulated 1.
| RNA-Binding Protein | Regulated lncRNA | Regulatory Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human antigen R (HuR) | NEAT1 | Stabilization by shielding from RNA decay-promoting proteins | [55] |
| lncRNA-HGBC | Stabilization by shielding from RNA decay-promoting proteins | [56] | |
| lncRNA-p21 | Promotion of degradation by recruitment of let7–Ago2 | [57] | |
| HOTAIR | Promotion of degradation by recruitment of let7–Ago2 | [58] | |
| RMRP | Facilitation of nuclear export via interaction with CRM1 | [59] | |
| Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) | NEAT1 | Stabilization by an unknown mechanism | [60] |
| Arginine/uridine-rich RNA element (ARE)/poly(U)-binding/degradation factor 1 (AUF1) | NEAT1 | Destabilization, probably by recruitment of a deadenylase complex | [61] |
| Polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABPN1) | NEAT1 | Promotion of degradation by recruitment of NEXT–exosome | [62,63] |
| TUG1 | Promotion of degradation by recruitment of NEXT–exosome | [62,63] | |
| Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) | HULC | Promotion of degradation by recruitment of the deadenylase complex CCR4–NOT via CNOT1 | [64] |
| H19 | Targeting of lamellipodia and perinuclear regions | [65] | |
| Tristetraprolin (TTP) | HOTAIR | Promotion of degradation, most likely by recruitment of the deadenylase complex CCR4–NOT | [66,67] |
| G-rich RNA sequence-binding factor 1 (GRSF1) | RMRP | Retention in the mitochondrial matrix by an unknown mechanism | [68] |
| Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) | MALAT1 | Retention in the nucleus by an unknown mechanism | [69,70] |