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. 2020 Apr 15;21(8):2743. doi: 10.3390/ijms21082743

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Plasma-extracellular vesicles (EVs) are elevated in pre-motor Parkinson’s disease (PD) model rats. (A) The number of circulating plasma-EVs was significantly increased in plasma of the pre-motor PD model rats, compared with that in plasma of sham control rats (p < 0.05; unpaired t-test). (B) Modal size of plasma-EVs did not differ between plasma from the pre-motor PD rat model compared to control shams. Exact p-values are indicated (n = 3 biological replicates for all; ctrl = sham; PD = pre-motor PD models).