. 2020 Apr 23;21(8):2987. doi: 10.3390/ijms21082987

Table 3.

Albuminuria and plasma creatinine in db/+ and db/db mice.

Parameter	Week of Age	db/+ Mice (Non-Diabetic Control)	db/db Mice
Parameter	Week of Age	db/+ Mice (Non-Diabetic Control)	Vehicle	EMPA	LINA	EMPA + LINA
n		9	10	9	6	6
UACR, mg/mmol	8	1.50 (0.60–4.00)	14.8 (10.0–26.9)***	16.3 (12.8–30.0)***	26.8 (19.4–54.7)***	23.5 (14.3–41.4)***
UACR, mg/mmol	16	1.80 (0.10–3.10)	21.4 (14.4–29.4)***	11.4 (4.00–22.7)***^###++	6.9 (4.40–22.4)***^##+	10.6 (4.50–17.6)***^##+
Plasma creatinine, μmol/L	8	67.0 (47.0–78.0)	76.4 (70.2–84.2)	70.5 (54.0–82.2)	70.3 (52.8–103.5)	70.4 (66.6– 82.2)
Plasma creatinine, μmol/L	16	61.8 (54.0–71.7)	75.6 (63.9–89.4)**	81.3 (55.8–91.2)*	71.7 (67.8–99.0)**	80.4 (65.7–91.2)**

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. non-diabetic control (db/+ mice), Mann–Whitney U-test; ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated db/db mice; ⁺ p < 0.05, ⁺⁺ p < 0.01 vs. with week 8, Wilcoxon test. EMPA, empagliflozin-treated db/db mice; LINA, linagliptin-treated db/db mice; EMPA+LINA, empagliflozin–linagliptin-treated db/db mice. UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Data are presented as medians (min - max values).