| SP | sodium propionate |
| SCFAs | Short Chain Fatty Acids |
| LPS | lipopolisaccharide from E. coli |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| COX-2 | cicloxigenase-2 |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| IκBα | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor |
| MPO | myeloperoxidase |
| KO2 | potassium peroxide |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| MnSOD | manganese superoxide dismutase |
| CAR | carrageenan |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |