Integrin signaling modulated the effects of MDA-ECM on E-cadherin-mediated adhesion of MCF-7 cells. MCF-ECM and MDA-ECM were obtained, as described in the Methods section. MCF-7 cells were cultured on their own ECM with or without TGF-β1 or on MDA-ECM and treated with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) for 72 h (1 µM). Cell lysates were immunoblotted with (A) anti-E-cadherin and (C) anti-p-SMAD2 antibodies. (B) Representative images of MCF-7 cell cultures of each experimental group, treated or not with RGD (1 µM), at 40× magnification. A black asterisk indicates lost or remaining intercellular connections. Scale bar: 20 µm. The results are shown as the mean fold increase relative to controls: MCF-ECM (* p < 0.05), MCF-ECM + RGD (# p < 0.05), and MDA-ECM ($ p < 0.05), calculated from 3 individual experiments.