Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample at baseline.
| Overall Sample (n = 98) |
Control Group (n = 33) |
ET Group (n = 33) | CnT Group (n = 32) |
Statistical Differences between Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | p-Value | |
| Age | 38.69 | 7.29 | 38.06 | 7.11 | 38.06 | 7.11 | 38.47 | 6.67 | 0.734 |
| Adulthood | |||||||||
| Early adulthood (18 to 40 years old) * | 52 | 52.90 | 20 | 60.60 | 18 | 46.20 | 16 | 53.30 | 0.470 |
| Late adulthood (>40 years old) * | 46 | 47.10 | 13 | 39.40 | 21 | 53.80 | 14 | 46.70 | |
| Anthropometric parameters | 98 | ||||||||
| BW (kg) | 66.06 | 12.22 | 64.25 | 12.35 | 64.25 | 12.35 | 68.85 | 13.65 | 0.320 |
| Height (meters) | 1.59 | 0.11 | 1.59 | 0.14 | 1.59 | 0.14 | 1.62 | 0.11 | 0.338 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.23 | 10.48 | 85.90 | 10.35 | 85.90 | 10.35 | 83.55 | 9.93 | 0.573 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.04 | 3.89 | 25.44 | 3.46 | 25.44 | 3.46 | 26.26 | 3.76 | 0.583 |
| Nutritional status | |||||||||
| Normal weight * | 44 | 45.50 | 16 | 51.60 | 15 | 38.50 | 14 | 48.30 | 0.890 |
| Overweight * | 40 | 40.40 | 12 | 38.70 | 18 | 46.20 | 10 | 34.50 | |
| Obese I * | 11 | 11.10 | 2 | 6.50 | 5 | 12.80 | 4 | 13.80 | |
| Obese III * | 3 | 3.00 | 1 | 3.20 | 1 | 2.60 | 1 | 3.40 | |
| Cardiovascular risk according to waist circumference | |||||||||
| No CVR * | 35 | 37.20 | 8 | 26.70 | 16 | 42.10 | 11 | 42.30 | 0.350 |
| CVR * | 59 | 62.80 | 22 | 73.30 | 22 | 57.90 | 15 | 57.70 | |
| Physical Fitness dimensions | |||||||||
| Motor fitness | |||||||||
| One leg stand (seconds) | 40.31 | 19.42 | 36.59 | 18.87 | 40.41 | 18.89 | 43.90 | 20.64 | 0.300 |
| Musculoskeletal Fitness | |||||||||
| Shoulder-neck mobility (points) | 4.97 | 3.03 | 4.97 | 2.82 | 4.47 | 2.92 | 5.64 | 3.36 | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength (newtons) | 4.33 | 1.02 | 4.84 | 0.91 | 3.93 | 1.03 | 4.38 | 0.88 | 0.002 |
| Jump-and-reach (cm) | 30.65 | 7.75 | 30.81 | 9.05 | 28.37 | 5.04 | 33.57 | 8.51 | 0.110 |
| Dynamic sit-up (number of sit-up) | 12.43 | 3.79 | 12.90 | 3.98 | 11.40 | 4.18 | 13.25 | 2.76 | 0.150 |
| Cardiorespiratory Fitness | |||||||||
| Heart rate in rest (bpm) | 78.26 | 13.27 | 76.00 | 11.19 | 77.03 | 13.83 | 82.29 | 14.01 | 0.750 |
| Total time in 2-km test (min) | 29.46 | 16.26 | 26.69 | 17.40 | 30.30 | 16.36 | 31.30 | 15.03 | 0.460 |
| Estimated VO2 max (mL/kg/min) | 34.94 | 5.38 | 32.63 | 5.90 | 34.67 | 3.94 | 37.23 | 5.74 | 0.030 |
ET group = endurance training group; CT = concurrent training group; BW = bodyweight; BMI = body mass index; CVR = cardiovascular risk. Data are expressed as mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) for quantitative variables, and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables (*) for an initial sample of 98 participants. Statistical differences between groups for quantitative variables by one-way ANOVA and by chi-squared for categorical variables, p-value < 0.005 in bold.