Table 4.
The effects of moral obligation and public leadership on villagers’ going out frequency.
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moral Obligation | ||||
| General moral obligation | 0.420 *** (0.054) | 0.291 *** (0.071) | 0.329 *** (0.072) | |
| Sense of obligation | 0.065 (0.076) | |||
| Personal satisfaction | 0.017 (0.077) | |||
| Autonomy | 0.129 * (0.075) | |||
| Objectivity | 0.210 ** (0.094) | |||
| Public Leadership | ||||
| General public leadership | 0.389 *** (0.054) | 0.214 *** (0.067) | 0.251 *** (0.069) | |
| Influence force | 0.041 (0.084) | |||
| Decision-making ability | 0.101 (0.099) | |||
| Executive ability | 0.191 * (0.103) | |||
| Creativity | 0.016 (0.075) | |||
| Interaction Item | ||||
| General moral obligation * General public leadership | 0.141 *** (0.046) | |||
| Physical Condition | ||||
| Distance to the county | 0.211 *** (0.056) | 0.232 *** (0.059) | 0.200 *** (0.056) | |
| Household Characteristics | ||||
| Age | −0.003 (0.006) | −0.004 (0.006) | −0.003 (0.006) | |
| Education | −0.041 (0.071) | −0.048 (0.071) | −0.051 (0.071) | |
| Child or elderly person | 0.006 (0.106) | 0.007 (0.106) | 0.039 (0.107) | |
| Rules-in-Use | ||||
| Publicity | 0.197 *** (0.068) | 0.193 *** (0.068) | 0.189 *** (0.068) | |
| Supervision | 0.087 (0.080) | 0.075 (0.086) | 0.078 (0.081) | |
| Punishment | 0.061 (0.067) | 0.050 (0.069) | 0.071 (0.067) | |
| Number of observations | 533 | 533 | 533 | 533 |
| LR χ2 | 168.02 | 196.18 | 199.05 | 205.60 |
| Prob > χ2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.1282 | 0.1496 | 0.1518 | 0.1568 |
| Log likelihood | −571.5180 | −557.4400 | −556.0010 | −552.7296 |
Note: Standard errors are reported in parentheses. *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1.