Table 2.
Metabolic effects and cancer–drug interactions.
| Metabolic Enzyme (Direct Effect) |
Documented Interaction. Plasma Levels: (H) Higher (L) Lower Dosage |
Potential Cancer Drug Interaction | Pharmacogenomic Test | Final Consideration [Reference] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYP1A1 (Inhibition) |
Testosterone # Caffeine (in human) Phenacetin |
Bendamustine | CYP1A2*F 5′UTR -163C>A rs7625551 | [123] |
| CYP1B1 (Inhibition) |
(L) Cathecol estrogens (anti-breast cancer activity of resveratrol) # | ND | ND | 1 g/day for 12 weeks had a favorable effect in post-menopausal women [124] |
| CYP2B6 (Inhibition) |
ND | Cyclophosphamide | ND | [127] |
| CYP2C9 (Inhibition) |
(H) Warfarin # | ND |
CYP2C9*2 430C>T R144C. rs1799853 CYP2c9*3 1075A>C I359L rs1057910 |
1 g daily resveratrol inhibited CYP2C9 by 2.71-fold [126] |
| CYP2D6 (Low inhibition) |
(L) dextromethorphan $ | Tamoxifen |
CYP2D6*3 2459delA frameshift rs35742686 CYP2D6*4 1846G>A splicing rs3892097 CYP2D6*10 100C>T P35S rs1065852 CYP2D6*XN copy number variation |
Probable low activation of tamoxifen in the active metabolite endoxifen [122] |
| CYP2C19 (Moderate Inhibition) |
(H) Pantoprazole $ | ND | CYP2C19*17 -806C>T 5′UTR rs12248560 | [121] |
| CYP3A4 (Inhibition) |
(H) Nicardipine $ (H) diltiazem $ (H) Carbamazepine $ |
Imatinib Docetaxel |
CYP3A4*22 15389C>T 5”UTR rs35599367 | [125,128] |
| GST (Induction) |
(L) nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbon # | (H) platin derivates | GSTP1 Iso105Val | [129] |
| NQO1 (Induction) |
(L) Estrogens by inactivation by catechol-O-methyl transferase # | ND | ND | [130,131] |
# evaluated in a murine model; $ evaluated in a cell model; ND no data available.