Table 4.

Comparison of physical properties *.

References	Matrix	GNS Type	GNS Content (%)	W/B	Performance Improvement
Wu et al. [20]	NC	GO	0.03	0.5	15.2% CS, 3.8% FS
	NC	GO	0.04	0.5	21.8% CS, 8.1% FS
Devi et al. [21]	NC	GO	0.04	0.45	10.0% CS, 8.0% TS
	NC	GO	0.06	0.45	13.0% CS, 12.0% TS
Chen et al. [34]	NC	GO	0.02	0.35	4.0% CS, 3.8% FS
	NC	GO	0.05	0.35	8.0% CS, 4.7% FS
Lu et al. [22]	UHSC	GO	0.01	0.2	3.6% CS, 11.8% FS
	UHSC	GO	0.03	0.2	4.5% CS, 6.9% FS
Meng et al. [30]	UHPC	GNP1	0.3	0.2	6.6% CS, 59.2% FS, 45.5% TS
	UHPC	GNP2	0.3	0.2	5.7% CS, 38.9% FS, 39.8% TS
Wang et al. [35]	UHPC	Graphene	0.5	0.19	10.2% CS, 1.4% FS, 40.2% CT, 63.9% DCS, 66.0% DPS, 32.7% DUS, 117% IT
Ren [24]	UHPC	GO	0.03	0.22	14.5% CS, 21.2% FS
	UHPC	GO	0.05	0.22	14.1% CS, 22.0% FS
Present study	UHPC2	GO	0.02	0.16	28.8% CS, 25.3% FS
	UHPC4	GO	0.04	0.16	8.8% CS, 16.1% FS

* GNP1: GNP with a specific surface area of 300 m²/g; GNP2: GNP with a specific surface area of 150 m²/g; CS: compressive strength; FS: flexural strength; TS: tensile strength; CT: compressive toughness; DCS: Dynamic compressive strength; DPS: dynamic peak strain; DUS: dynamic ultimate strain; IT: impact toughness.