Table 2.
Gender distribution of study participants and prevalence of raised blood pressure
| Men (n = 197) | Women (n = 188) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal n (%) | Elevated BP n (%) | HTN n (%) | p-value | Normal n (%) | Elevated BP n (%) | HTN n (%) | p-value | |
| n (%) | 68 (17.7) | 33 (8.6) | 96 (24.9) | 74 (19.2) | 24 (6.2) | 74 (19.2) | ||
| Mean age (years) n (SD)b | 31.79 (13.08) | 32.70 (15.83) | 41.07 (16.03) | < 0.0001** | 34.12 (12.54) | 34.42 (13.14) | 44.53 (16.79) | < 0.0001** |
| Age group (years) | 0.006* | 0.005* | ||||||
| 18–27 | 32 (47.1) | 15 (22.1) | 21 (30.9) | 27 (50.9) | 10 (18.9) | 16 (30.2) | ||
| 28–37 | 21 (35.6) | 9 (15.3) | 29 (49.2) | 22 (52.4) | 5 (11.9) | 15 (35.7) | ||
| 38–47 | 7 (25.9) | 4 (14.8) | 16 (59.3) | 14 (31.8) | 5 (11.4) | 25 (56.8) | ||
| 48–57 | 3 (21.4) | 2 (14.3) | 9 (64.3) | 7 (31.8) | 2 (9.1) | 13 (59.1) | ||
| 58–67 | 4 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (75.0) | 3 (17.6) | 2 (11.8) | 12 (70.6) | ||
| ≥ 68 | 1 (7.7) | 3 (23.1) | 9 (61.2) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (90.0) | ||
| Body mass index | 0.010* | 0.008* | ||||||
| Underweight | 11 (57.9) | 1 (5.3) | 7 (36.8) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | ||
| Normal | 46 (36.5) | 26 (20.6) | 54 (42.9) | 35 (58.3) | 7 (11.7) | 18 (30.0) | ||
| Overweight | 10 (25.6) | 4 (10.3) | 25 (64.1) | 22 (34.9) | 6 (9.5) | 35 (55.6) | ||
| Obese | 1 (7.7) | 2 (15.4) | 10 (76.9) | 16 (25.4) | 11 (17.5) | 36 (57.1) | ||
| Waist circumference | 0.016* | 0.005* | ||||||
| Normal | 65 (37.8) | 29 (16.9) | 78 (45.3) | 28 (58.3) | 6 (12.5) | 14 (29.2) | ||
| ≥ 94 cm (men)/≥80 cm (women) | 3 (12.0) | 4 (16.0) | 18 (72.0) | 46 (32.9) | 18 (12.9) | 76 (54.3) | ||
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.738 | 0.810 | ||||||
| Normal | 63 (35.2) | 29 (16.2) | 29 (16.2) | 22 (36.1) | 8 (13.1) | 31 (50.8) | ||
| ≥ 0.95 (men)/≥0.80 (women) | 5 (27.8) | 5 (27.8) | 4 (22.2) | 52 (40.9) | 16 (12.6) | 59 (46.5) | ||
| Education | 0.100 | 0.112 | ||||||
| No formal education | 2 (18.2) | 3 (27.3) | 6 (54.5) | 4 (26.7) | 1 (6.7) | 10 (66.7) | ||
| Primary | 21 (46.7) | 3 (6.7) | 21 (46.7) | 17 (33.3) | 4 (7.8) | 30 (58.8) | ||
| Secondary or higher | 45 (31.9) | 27 (19.1) | 69 (48.9) | 53 (43.4) | 19 (15.6) | 50 (41.0) | ||
| Socio-economic status | 0.388 | 0.289 | ||||||
| Lower | 25 (39.7) | 12 (19.0) | 26 (41.3) | 25 (39.1) | 4 (6.2) | 35 (54.7) | ||
| Middle | 23 (32.4) | 14 (19.7) | 34 (47.9) | 25 (42.4) | 8 (13.6) | 26 (44.1) | ||
| Higher | 20 (31.7) | 7 (11.1) | 36 (57.1) | 24 (36.9) | 12 (18.5) | 29 (44.6) | ||
| Physical Activity | 0.740 | 0.582 | ||||||
| No | 30 (32.3) | 15 (16.1) | 48 (51.6) | 54 (41.5) | 15 (11.5) | 61 (46.9) | ||
| Yes | 38 (36.5) | 18 (17.3) | 48 (46.2) | 20 (34.5) | 9 (15.5) | 61 (46.9) | ||
| Smoking history | 0.996 | 0.542 | ||||||
| No | 33 (34.7) | 16 (16.8) | 46 (48.4) | 40 (40.0) | 15 (15.0) | 45 (45.0) | ||
| Yes | 35 (34.3) | 17 (16.7) | 50 (49.0) | 34 (38.6) | 9 (10.2) | 45 (51.1) | ||
| Alcohol use | 0.240 | 0.395 | ||||||
| No | 31 (41.9) | 11 (14.9) | 32 (43.2) | 31 (44.3) | 10 (14.3) | 29 (41.4) | ||
| Yes | 37 (30.1) | 22 (17.9) | 64 (52.0) | 43 (36.4) | 14 (11.9) | 61 (51.7) | ||
HTN Hypertension; n Number; SD Standard deviation; *p < 0.05 according to Pearson or Likelihood ration chi square; **p < 0.05 according to Univariate ANOVA.