Table 1.
Participant characteristics by quartiles of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (Visit 5, 2011–2013)
| HOMA-IR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | All | P-value | |
| [0.20, 1.73] | [1.74, 2.78] | [2.79, 4.34] | [4.35,16.88] | |||
| (n = 181) | (n = 182) | (n = 182) | (n = 182) | (n = 727) | ||
| Age (years), mean ± SE | 78 ± 0.4 | 78 ± 0.4 | 77 ± 0.3 | 77 ± 0.3 | 78 ± 0.2 | < 0.01 |
| Women, n(%) | 124 (69) | 123 (68) | 109 (60) | 116 (64) | 497 (66) | 0.17 |
| African American, n(%) | 100 (55) | 105 (58) | 102 (56) | 115 (63) | 438 (58) | 0.18 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SE | 89 ± 0.7 | 95 ± 0.9 | 100 ± 0.8 | 106 ± 1 | 97 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SE | 25 ± 0.3 | 28 ± 0.4 | 29 ± 0.4 | 32 ± 0.5 | 29 ± 0.2 | < 0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg), mean ± SE | 129 ± 1.4 | 129 ± 1.5 | 128 ± 1.2 | 128 ± 1.3 | 129 ± 0.7 | 0.91 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean ± SE | 64 ± 0.9 | 65 ± 0.8 | 64 ± 0.7 | 65 ± 0.8 | 65 ± 0.4 | 0.78 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute), mean ± SE | 72 ± 0.6 | 72 ± 0.7 | 72 ± 0.6 | 71 ± 0.7 | 72 ± 0.3 | 0.79 |
| Blood pressure medication, n(%) | 104 (58) | 120 (67) | 123 (69) | 137 (76) | 510 (68) | 0.02 |
| Prior CHD, n(%) | 16 (9) | 25 (14) | 20 (11) | 27 (15) | 91 (12) | 0.16 |
| Current smoker, n(%) | 14 (8) | 7 (4) | 12 (7) | 6 (3) | 39 (5) | 0.13 |
| Current drinker, n(%) | 60 (36) | 60 (35) | 56 (32) | 54 (30) | 238 (33) | 0.22 |
| Former smoker, n(%) | 56 (36) | 84 (54) | 87 (54) | 82 (50) | 325 (49) | 0.02 |
| Former drinker, n(%) | 48 (28) | 62 (36) | 65 (37) | 67 (37) | 258 (36) | 0.09 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SE | 95 ± 0.7 | 102 ± 0.7 | 105 ± 0.6 | 108 ± 0.7 | 103 ± 0.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Insulin (μU/mL), mean ± SE | 5 ± 0.1 | 9 ± 0.1 | 13 ± 0.2 | 24 ± 0.6 | 13 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 |
Participant characteristics were described overall and by quartiles of insulin resistance indexes. Continuous variables were described using ANOVA and categorical variables were described using the chi-squared test