Table 3.
Associations between ln-transformed measured breast milk or estimated children’s p,p’-DDT and p,p’-DDE levels and BMI z-score at 42 months of age. Statistically significant associations are presented in bold
| Model 1a | Model 2b | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p,p’-DDT | p,p’-DDE | p,p’-DDT | p,p’-DDE | |||||
| β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | |
| Measured breast milk concentrations | ||||||||
| All | −0.04 (− 0.23, 0.15) | 0.706 | 0.08 (− 0.08, 0.24) | 0.320 | − 0.05 (− 0.24, 0.14) | 0.629 | 0.07 (− 0.09, 0.24) | 0.360 |
| Girlsc | 0.11 (− 0.15, 0.36) | 0.413 | 0.20 (− 0.03, 0.43) | 0.085 | 0.10 (− 0.16, 0.35) | 0.478 | 0.20 (− 0.02, 0.43) | 0.078 |
| Boysc | −0.18 (− 0.46, 0.09) | 0.190 | − 0.01 (− 0.24, 0.21) | 0.901 | −0.21 (− 0.49, 0.07) | 0.141 | −0.05 (− 0.28, 0.18) | 0.680 |
| Children’s area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) (0–6 months) | ||||||||
| All | −0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17) | 0.847 | 0.09 (− 0.07, 0.25) | 0.252 | − 0.03 (− 0.21, 0.16) | 0.790 | 0.09 (− 0.07, 0.25) | 0.276 |
| Girlsc | 0.15 (− 0.10, 0.40) | 0.248 | 0.23 (0.01, 0.45) | 0.044 | 0.13 (−0.12, 0.38) | 0.313 | 0.23 (0.01, 0.46) | 0.042 |
| Boysc | −0.19 (− 0.47, 0.09) | 0.174 | − 0.02 (− 0.24, 0.20) | 0.870 | − 0.21 (− 0.49, 0.07) | 0.138 | − 0.05 (− 0.28, 0.18) | 0.668 |
| Children’s area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) (6–12 months) | ||||||||
| All | 0.05 (− 0.12, 0.23) | 0.547 | 0.14 (− 0.01, 0.29) | 0.075 | 0.06 (− 0.11, 0.24) | 0.480 | 0.15 (− 0.01, 0.30) | 0.060 |
| Girlsc | 0.21 (−0.02, 0.47) | 0.069 | 0.26 (0.06, 0.47) | 0.011 | 0.19 (−0.05, 0.43) | 0.113 | 0.28 (0.06, 0.49) | 0.012 |
| Boysc | −0.12 (− 0.38, 0.14) | 0.377 | 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.24) | 0.871 | − 0.10 (− 0.37, 0.17) | 0.454 | 0.01 (− 0.21, 0.24) | 0.904 |
| Children’s area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) (12–24 months) | ||||||||
| All | 0. 06 (− 0.10, 0.22) | 0.474 | 0.14 (− 0.01, 0.28) | 0.067 | 0.09 (− 0.08, 0.26) | 0.309 | 0.16 (0.01, 0.32) | 0.034 |
| Girlsc | 0.19 (−0.02, 0.39) | 0.070 | 0.24 (0.05, 0.43) | 0.012 | 0.19 (−0.04, 0.42) | 0.101 | 0.27 (0.06, 0.48) | 0.010 |
| Boysc | −0.09 (− 0.34, 0.15) | 0.458 | 0.03 (− 0.19, 0.25) | 0.810 | − 0.05 (− 0.31, 0.21) | 0.688 | 0.04 (− 0.18, 0.27) | 0.702 |
aAdjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI
bAdjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, fish intake (g/year), and total breastfeeding duration
cGirls (n = 134); boys (n = 156)