Fig. 8.

TLR2 triggered the activation of primary microglia and enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. a–f TLR2 specific agonist Pam3CSK4 (500 ng/ml) induced a time-dependent up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in primary microglia. g Representative image of protein level of Iba-1 in Pam3CSK4-treated primary microglia. h Quantitative analysis of western blotting result showed that Pam3CSK4 significantly increased the protein expression of Iba-1 in primary microglia in a time-dependent manner. The data are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 8 in each group). **P < 0.01 versus the control group. Statistical significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey test