Table 2.
Effects of CWAT-based behaviour change strategies on cardiometabolic health including anthropometrics, cardiovascular health and biochemical parameters
| Characteristics | No. of studies | No. of participants (intervention/control) | Preintervention mean (SD) | Mean change (95% confidence interval) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | |||||
| Anthropometrics | ||||||
| Body weight (kg) | 11 | 582/570 | 90.6 (18.3) | 88.4 (18.3) | −0.35 [−0.84, 0.13] | 0.15 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 16 | 730/733 | 30.2 (4.9) | 30.5 (5.6) | −0.05 [−0.20, 0.11] | 0.56 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 13 | 715/715 | 103.6 (13.4) | 103.3 (14.7) | −0.99 [−1.48, − 0.50] | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 13 | 655/654 | 133.1 (20.0) | 131.7 (18.2) | −3.79 [−4.53, −3.04] | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 12 | 535/590 | 77.3 (13.9) | 77.4 (12.0) | 0.12 [−1.23, 1.46] | 0.87 |
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 6 | 295/320 | 68.5 (11.6) | 67.4 (10.5) | −1.92 [−3.96, 0.13] | 0.07 |
| Biochemical | ||||||
| HbA1c (%) | 11 | 462/424 | 7.0 (1.4) | 7.1 (1.4) | −0.07 [−0.16, 0.01] | 0.08 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl)a | 9 | 471/431 | 124.1 (40.1) | 116.9 (37.3) | −1.67 [−5.82, 2.49] | 0.43 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)a | 8 | 452/414 | 151.7 (96.6) | 149.0 (103.1) | −1.11 [−8.03, 5.81] | 0.75 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl)a | 11 | 483/459 | 183.9 (44.2) | 187.6 (49.4) | −1.48 [−7.48, 4.51] | 0.63 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)a | 9 | 484/448 | 46.7 (16.1) | 48.0 (18.0) | 0.29 [−1.13, 1.72] | 0.69 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)a | 6 | 408/364 | 98.4 (39.8) | 102.8 (45.3) | −5.70 [−9.24, −2.15] | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: High-density lipoprotein
aBlood parameters were converted to the same unit (from mmol/l to mg/dl), including triglycerides (divide by 0.0112), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (divide by 0.02586) and glucose (divide by 0.05551) concentration