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. 2020 May 5;11:828. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00828

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Copyright © 2020 Holden and Webber.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biofilm formation as a percentage of the wild type, measured by a crystal violet biofilm assay [described by Baugh et al. (2012)], in S. Typhimurium 14028S transformed with pTrc-marA, pTrc-ramA and pTrc-soxS, when uninduced (white bars) and induced with 1 mM IPTG (black bars). Error bars represent 1 standard deviation and asterisks (*) represent statistically significant differences in biofilm formation between uninduced and induced treatments (p < 0.05) (Baugh, 2014).