Table 1).

List of transmembrane proteins studied by HS-AFM and the related dynamic parameters that were investigated.

Membrane Protein	Function	Species	Characterized Dynamics	Reference:
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR)	Light driven proton pump	Halobacterium salinarum	Photoactivated conformation changes	[38••,39,46,47]
PoXeR and various other microbial rhodopsins	Light driven pumps	Parvularcula oceani and serval other eubacteria/archaea	Oligomerisation	[50,51]
ATP-synthase	ATP synthesis	Halobacterium salinarum	Membrane mediated protein-protein interactions	[52]
Aquaporin-0 (AQP0) Connexin (Cx)	Water and solute transport Cell-cell adhesion	Sheep lens fiber cells	Protein microdomain formation, dynamics and adhesion	[53,54]
SecYEG and GlpF	Protein translocation channel and aquaglyceroporin	Escherichia coli	Protein docking and conformational dynamics	[55]
P2X	ATP-gated ion channel	Human astrocytoma cells	ATP induced conformational changes	[56]
GltPh	Na+/L-Asp symport	Pyrococcus horikoshii	Transport dynamics	[35••]
SERCA	ATP-driven Ca2+-pump	Rabbit	Transport dynamics	[57]
OmpF	Large non-specific channel	Escherichia coli	Diffusion and Interaction	[9,58]
KcsA	Potassium channel	Streptomyces lividans	Conformational dynamics and toxin binding	[59,60]
TWIK1	Potassium channel	Mouse	Structural properties	[61]
SthK	Potassium channel	Spirochaeta thermophila	Ligand induced conformational dynamics	[31••]
MloK1	Potassium channel	Mesorhizobium loti	Ligand induced conformational dynamics	[62]
GLIC	Ligand gated ion channel	Gloeobacter violaceus	Ligand induced conformational dynamics	[26••]
Listeriolysin O	Pore forming toxin	Listeria monocytogenes	Assembly kinetics and membrane disruption	[63]
Lysenin	Pore forming toxin	Eisenia fetida	Diffusion, Interaction and membrane insertion	[64,65]
OmpLA	Phospholipid hydrolysis	Escherichia coli	Ca2+-dependent membrane degradation	[66]