Table 1.

Clincopathological characteristics of elderly patients with oral cavity leukoplakia (n = 69)

Characteristics	Case no.	(%)
Age (y)
Mean (SD): 71.2 (4.9)
Median (range): 71.0 (65‐83)
Body mass index (kg/m2)a
Mean (SD): 24.4 (3.2)
Gender
Female	16	23.2
Male	53	76.8
History of head and neck cancer
No	49	71.0
Yes	20	29.0
History of radiation therapy
No	58	84.1
Yes	11	15.9
Cigarette smoking
No	28	40.6
Ex‐smoker	22	31.9
Yes	19	27.5
Alcohol drinking
No	53	76.8
Ex‐drinker	10	14.5
Yes	6	8.7
Betel quid chewing
No	51	73.9
Ex‐chewer	18	26.1
Yes	0	0.0
Candida infection
No	62	89.9
Yes	7	10.1
Diabetes mellitus
No	52	75.4
Yes	17	24.6
Metformin taken
No	58	84.1
Yes	11	15.9
Multi‐focus sites
No	56	81.2
Yes	13	18.8
Location of leukoplakiab
Buccal	54	64.3
Tongue	12	14.3
Gum	5	6.0
Labial	4	4.8
Mouth floor	1	1.2
Hard palate	1	1.2
Retromolar	7	8.3
Morphologyb
Homogeneous	42	50.0
Nonhomogeneous	42	50.0
Pathology
Squamous hyperplasia	15	21.7
Mild dysplasia	34	49.3
Moderate dysplasia	12	17.4
Severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ	8	11.6
Postoperative recurrence
No	46	66.7
Yes	23	33.3
Follow‐up duration (mo)
Mean (SD): 42.5 (35.2)
Median (range): 29.0 (3.2‐145.1)
Total area of leukoplakia (cm2)
Mean (SD): 2.3 (1.9)
Median (range): 1.8 (0.1‐10.6)
Malignant transformation
No	61	88.4
Yes	8	11.6

^aOne missing data in body mass index (n = 68).

^bThirteen out of 69 patients had multiple sites of oral leukoplakia, so the number of total lesions was 84.