Figure 1.

Effects of berberine combined with stachyose on glucose metabolism. (a) Fasting blood glucose levels. (b) Non‐fasting blood glucose levels. (c) HbA1c levels. (d, e) Oral glucose tolerance test performed after (d) 16 days and (e) 37 days of treatment. (f) Insulin tolerance test performed after 48 days of treatment. Data are expressed as mean ± SE; n = 10–12 for (a), (d), and (e); n = 9–12 for (b) and (f); n = 8–12 for (c). ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05 versus Con. BBR, berberine; Con, diabetic control; Nor, healthy control; Sta, stachyose