Table 3.
Final Multivariable Models for Speech-and High-frequency Hearing Impairment in One or Both Ears (n = 1,075)
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Z-value | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speech-frequency | |||
| Age (per 10 years) | 3.65 (2.77, 4.81) | 9.18 | <.0001 |
| Current HbA1c (per 1%) | 1.28 (1.11, 1.47) | 3.40 | .0007 |
| Exposure to loud noise (yes vs. no) | 1.69 (1.19, 2.40) | 2.92 | .0035 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.63 (0.44, 0.91) | 2.48 | .0132 |
| Triglycerides (per 10% increase) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 2.38 | .0171 |
| High-frequency | |||
| Age (per 10 years) | 3.24 (2.57, 4.07) | 10.00 | <.0001 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.38 (0.29, 0.51) | 6.59 | <.0001 |
| Exposure to loud noise (yes vs. no) | 1.52 (1.12, 2.07) | 2.68 | .0074 |
| Skin-intrinsic fluorescence (per SD = 4.6773) | 1.22 (1.05, 1.43) | 2.57 | .0101 |
| Current HbA1c (per 1%) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.32) | 2.47 | .0137 |
| Occupation (professional/technical vs. no) | 0.73 (0.55, 0.96) | 2.22 | .0264 |
| Moderate or strenuous physical activity (yes vs. no) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.97) | 2.19 | .0287 |
| LDL cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL) | 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) | 1.97 | .0490 |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.
Data are odds ratios (95% CI) from multivariable logistic regression models. Covariates are listed in the order of significance as indicated by the Z-value.