Table 4. Parameters of twist and torsion using speckle tracking echocardiography.

		Control (n = 13)		PH (n = 52)
		median	range	median	range	p value
TorsionMax	[degrees]	12.00	17.55	6.86	25.05	0.027
TorsionMaxPos	[‰ cycle]	339.5	240	441	762	0.034
TorsionRateMax	[degrees/sec]	81.34	111.58	55.53	134.92	n.s.
TorsionRateMaxPos	[‰ cycle]	193	155	213	942	n.s.
TwistMax	[degrees/mm]	0.15	0.27	0.13	0.34	n.s.
TwistRateMax	[degrees/sec/mm]	0.95	2.47	1.16	3.61	n.s.

Torsion signifies the net torsion angle between base and apical rotation. Twist refers to the net torsion angle standardized by LV length. The positions of the maxima are expressed as 1/1000 of the heart cycle.