(a) Plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels for individual participants across four study time points at which it was measured: baseline, pre-exercise, peak of exercise, and 5 min after exercise. (b) Plasma allopregnanolone and pregnanolone (ALLO) levels for individual participants across four time points at which it was measured: baseline, pre-exercise, peak of exercise, and 30 min after exercise. Red = posttraumatic stress disorder/chronic pain participants, Green = trauma-exposed healthy participants. Note that pre-exercise cold pressor test was administered between baseline and pre-exercise time points.