Table 2.
Summary of analyses of primary and secondary outcomes.
| CBT | MCT | Adjusted difference † | Using bootstrapped SD | Adjusted difference using multiple imputation | Including time from baseline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | p-value | Mean (95%CI) | p-value | p-value | |
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | ||||||||||
| Post-treatment* | 54 | 2.93 (3.88) | 55 | 2.67 (4.21) | −0.95 (−2.88,0.98) | 0.336 | 0.357 | −2.08 (−4.70,0.54) | 0.119 | 0.446 |
| Follow-up | 58 | 3.74 (4.98) | 57 | 2.67 (2.87) | −1.61 (−3.65,0.43) | 0.122 | 0.126 | −1.99 (−4.77,0.79) | 0.159 | 0.228 |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II | ||||||||||
| Post-treatment* | 56 | 8.14 (8.62) | 56 | 4.14 (4.97) | −5.49 (−8.90,−2.08) | 0.002 | 0.002 | −6.43 (−10.96,−1.91) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Follow-up | 55 | 7.67 (10.20) | 54 | 4.13 (5.24) | −4.64 (−8.21,−1.06) | 0.011 | 0.015 | −5.61 (−10.83,−0.40) | 0.035 | 0.025 |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | ||||||||||
| Post-treatment | 53 | 6.08 (6.31) | 53 | 3.78 (4.11) | −1.51 (−4.70,1.67) | 0.352 | 0.384 | −2.52 (−6.62,1.57) | 0.226 | 0.388 |
| Follow-up | 50 | 5.28 (7.30) | 50 | 3.18 (4.04) | −0.91 (−4.11,2.30) | 0.579 | 0.601 | −2.48 (−6.92,1.95) | 0.271 | 0.730 |
| Recovery on the BDI-II‡ | ||||||||||
| Post-treatment (%, n) | 82 | 52%, 43 | 73 | 74%, 54 | OR = 2.42 (1.20,4.92) | 0.014 | 0.031 | NA | NA | 0.017§ |
| Follow-up (%, n) | 82 | 56%, 46 | 73 | 74%, 54 | OR = 2.19 (1.05,4.54) | 0.036 | 0.068 | NA | NA | 0.045§ |
| Metacognitive Questionnaire 30 | ||||||||||
| Post-treatment | 47 | 53.15 (13.21) | 50 | 43.6 (10.97) | −9.97 (−15.40,−4.54) | <0.000 | 0.003 | −8.22 (−14.80,−1.63) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
| Follow-up | 46 | 49.41 (14.54) | 48 | 44 (11.02) | −5.81 (−11.19,−0.43) | 0.034 | 0.103 | −6.46 (−13.53,0.60) | 0.073 | 0.071 |
| Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale | ||||||||||
| Post−treatment | 47 | 17.91 (4.96) | 51 | 17.27 (4.95) | −1.82 (−4.13,0.48) | 0.080 | 0.115 | −1.99 (−5.17,1.18) | 0.217 | 0.120 |
| Follow-up | 46 | 18.30 (6.28) | 49 | 17.0 (4.91) | −2.13 (−4.47,−0.22) | 0.024 | 0.042 | −2.95 (−6.20,0.30) | 0.075 | 0.075 |
| Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale | ||||||||||
| Post−treatment | 47 | 14.43 (6.44) | 51 | 9.98 (1.98) | −4.67 (−7.3,−2.08) | <0.001 | 0.001 | −4.31 (−7.20,−1.43) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Follow-up | 47 | 14.04 (5.97) | 49 | 10.61 (2.60) | −3.49 (−5.95,−1.03) | 0.006 | 0.011 | −3.81 (−6.60,−1.02) | 0.008 | 0.013 |
| Dysfunctional Attitude Scale | ||||||||||
| Post-treatment | 47 | 114.40 (39.13) | 50 | 96.98 (36.99) | −16.34 (−29.42,−3.26) | 0.014 | 0.024 | −18.53 (−33.77,−3.29) | 0.017 | 0.029 |
| Follow-up | 47 | 112.77 (37.61) | 48 | 93.83 (36.10) | −18.55 (−31.16,−5.95) | 0.004 | 0.009 | −21.08 (−39.75,−2.41) | 0.027 | 0.012 |
| Young’s Schema Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Post-treatment | 46 | 177.83 (59.51) | 50 | 159.8 (54.67) | −16.00 (−36.93,4.92) | 0.134 | 0.178 | −20.67 (−46.99,5.65) | 0.123 | 0.127 |
| Follow-up | 47 | 173.26 (66.53) | 48 | 156.02 (53.42) | −11.71 (−33.35,9.94) | 0.289 | 0.336 | −21.49 (−50.80,7.81) | 0.149 | 0.518 |
*Primary outcome. †Group difference from mixed effects regression, controlling for therapist, patient gender, baseline depression severity, use of psychiatric medication, marital status, education and employment. ‡Non-completers assumed to be fails. §Non-completers assigned sample mean durations. NA = not applicable (the primary analysis includes all cases). BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory-II.