Fig. 2.

The electrostatic interaction driven self-assembly ability of particles or thin polymer films by pyroelectric effects in micro-scale. a Schematic illustration shows the procedure of PS nanoparticles and film patterning self-assembly by using pyroelectrostatic charge interaction on the heated LN crystal wafers. Sixty nanometers of PS nanoparticles are chosen to characterize the charge pattern. The patterned assembly of PS nanoparticles b, c and the electrohydrodynamic assembly of thin PS film d, e on the pyroelectri c charge areas featured by AFM